Molecular mechanism on healing process of peptic ulcer.

Ulcer healing process is an intricate and active process including reconstruction process of mucosa through formation of granulation tissue. Granulation tissue formation takes place by means of formation of ulcer base, formation of blood vessel (angiogenesis) and re-establishment of glandular architecture. The process of granulation tissue formation on the ulcer base takes place 48-72 hours after ulceration process occurs. These three phases involve various genes grouped according to their activated time, i.e. the initial response genes, intermediate response gene and late response genes. Initial response genes are activated in 30 minutes to 2 hours time, e.g EGF-R, c-fos, c-jun, egr-1, Sp-1, TFF-2/SP. Intermediate response genes are activated for 6 hours to 2 days, eg EGF, bFGF, PDGF and VEGF. Late response genes are activated for 14 days, e.g. HGF, ITF, c-met/HGF-R.

Helicobacter pylori infection: prevalence in chronic urticaria patients and incidence of autoimmune urticaria (study in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta).

AIM: To determine the prevalence of Hp infection in patients with chronic urticaria (CU) and to evaluate the result of autologous serum skin test (ASST) in CU patients with Hp infections. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 16 patients with chronic urticaria and 16 non-urticaria volunteers were investigated (matched for age and sex). All subjects were examined for Hp infection with the 13C-urea breath test. Autologous serum skin test was performed in patients with proven Hp infection. RESULTS: Helicobacter pylori was detected in 12.5% of patients and 0% of the control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.484 using Fisher exact test). Autologous serum skin test was positive in 1 of 2 CU patients with Hp infection. CONCLUSION: In this study, there was no significant difference in the seroprevalence of Hp infection between CU patients and controls. Autologous serum skin test was positive in 1 of 2 CU patients with Hp infection.

Tips and tricks in writing review article.

Review article or literature review actually is the simplest form of writing compared to a case report or study report. The writing process begins at pointing out topics to be written and informed to readers. The next step after the topic has been selected is to find literatures related to the article review writing. Principally, article writing plays an essential part in a doctor's life, whether as a specialist or consultant. And the most important is the desire to publish the article review.

Incidence of helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer : an 8-year hospital based study.

AIM: To observe the tendency of decreased prevalence of H pylori infection in a 14 year-period and observe the prevalence of intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer. METHODS: All patients who were diagnosed with dyspepsia and underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy in Cikini hospital Jakarta from January 1998 until December 2005 were evaluated. We evaluated the histopathologic result of H pylori, the presence of intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer. Data was grouped for 1 year period of time and was presented descriptively. RESULTS: Decreased prevalence of H. Pylori infection was found, from 12.8% in 1998, 12.4% in 1999, 14.7% in 2000, 9.6% in 2001, 11.9 % in 2002, 3.8% in 2003, 2.3% in 2004, 2.9% in 2005. Intestinal metaplasia was 4.7% in 1998, 3.2% in 1999, 3.1% in 2000, 2.3 % in 2001, 7.6% in 2002, 8.3% in year 2003, 6.5% in 2004, 7.1% in 2005. Prevalence of gastric cancer was 2.2% in 1998, 0.25% in 1999, 1.1% in 2000, 1.1% in 2001, 1.1% in 2002, 1.8% in 2003, 1.7% in 2004, 3.9% in 2005. CONCLUSION: There was decreased prevalence of H pylori infection in 8 year-period but there was no decreased prevalence of intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer found.

Clinical approach and management of food poisoning.

Food poisoning may occur in a group of people or a single person. The symptoms caused by food poisoning are varied from mild to severe or even fatal one such as death. Immunocompromised patients and others such as elderly and children are susceptible for food poisoning. Re-hydration is the main key in the management of food poisoning. Empirical therapy using antibiotics may be considered in high risk patients such as elderly, immunocompromised, diabetes, liver cirrhosis or intestinal hypomotility. Prevention is an important measure in management of food poisoning by keeping the food from contamination, always fresh and maintaining good hygiene.

Microorganisms and parasites in chronic infective diarrhea.

AIM: To reveal the pattern of microorganisms in chronic infective diarrhea cases. METHODS: We examined all patients suffering from chronic infective diarrhea over a six year period The patients were examined physically and at the same time laboratory tests,colon enema X-ray and colonoscopy, ileoscopy, upper GI endoscopy and small bowel X-ray were performed. RESULTS: We found 138 (66. 7%) chronic infective diarrhea from 207 chronic diarrhea patients. Parasitic causes were Candida albicans (48.55%), Blastocystis hominis (6.52%), Entamoeba histolytica (3.62%), and Giardia lamblia (3.62%) etc. Bacterial causes were Pathogenic E. coli(34.78%), Aerobacter aerogenes (3.62%), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (3.62%), Geotrichum (1.45%), Shigella sonnei(0. 72%), Salmonella paratyphi (2.89%)etc. CONCLUSION: The most frequent microorganisms and parasites found in chronic infective diarrhea were pathogenic E.coli and Candida albicans.

The effect of fiber diet on colonic cancer formation: the role of butyrate.

The majority of colon cancers occur sporadically. They are thougth to be caused by non-inherited factors such as a combination of diet and environmental factors, which result in somatic mutations of specific genes. Among dietary factors butyrate which is derived from fermentable fibers may have important role as chemoprotector against colorectal cancer. The source of butyrate in daily diet mostly come from wheat products especially wheat bran. At molecular level, butyrate causes hystone acetylation, favours differentiation, induces apoptosis and regulates the expressions of various oncogens. These effects suggest that butyrate may be protective against colorectal cancers.